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Application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing: Theoretical basis, realistic plights

Qiang ZHANG, Baoyu LIAO, Shanlin YANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 578-591 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0137-x

摘要： Blockchain technology is considered one of the promising technologies of the information technology era. The core features of blockchain, such as decentralization, transparency, high security, and tamper-proof nature, bring great convenience for large-scale social cooperation and data sharing. Blockchain has a broad application prospect in the field of intelligent manufacturing. The key issues of this field, such as distributed collaborative production, industrial big data sharing and security, transparent logistics, and supply chain, are naturally consistent with the core characteristics of the blockchain technology. This study aims to analyze the application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing. First, we introduce the basic connotation and applications of blockchain. Then, we propose the theoretical basis for the application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing. Finally, we point out the realistic plights and provide some suggestions to promote the application of blockchain in the field of intelligent manufacturing.

关键词： blockchain technology intelligent manufacturing networked collaborative manufacturing full life-cycle management manufacturing model innovation

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智能制造推动我国制造业全面创新升级

钟志华,臧冀原,延建林,苗仲桢,杨晓迎,古依莎娜

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第6期页码 136-142 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.06.018

摘要：

我国抓牢新一轮科技革命和产业变革的历史机遇，加快发展智能制造并取得了积极成效。也要注意到，我国智能制造整体发展仍处于初级阶段，不平衡不充分的矛盾较为突出，持续深入推进智能制造面临挑战。近年来，我国启动了从制造大国迈向制造强国的发展进程，加快制造业由大变强、全面创新升级的发展步伐，但升级的技术路线仍需更加明确。研究认为，新时期新阶段我国制造业要实现全面创新升级，应坚持智能制造发展的主攻方向，优化调整总体技术路线，即数字化制造、数字化网络化制造、数字化网络化智能化制造“并行推进、融合发展”；企业实施智能制造战略，应深度融合数字化网络化智能化赋能技术、先进制造技术，注重产品创新、生产创新、模式创新、制造系统集成创新，力争实现整体性突破。

关键词：中国制造智能制造数字化制造数字化网络化制造数字化网络化智能化制造

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Distributed energy management for networked microgrids in a three-phase unbalanced distribution network

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第3期页码 446-446 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0851-7

摘要： Owing to increased penetration of three-phase and single-phase microgrids, distributed energy resources (DERs), and responsive loads, the maintenance of a three-phase balance by distribution networks is a significant challenge. Existing literature on distributed energy management for networked microgrids generally neglects the distribution network or employs a simplified phase balanced distribution network; thus, these evaluations are not applicable. Further, the underlying mutual coupling between the different phases of distribution feeders results in a more challenging situation. To solve this issue, this study sought to propose distributed energy management based on a three-phase unbalanced distribution network. Various three-phase or single-phase microgrids, utility-owned DERs, and responsive loads were coordinated through iteratively adjusted price signals. Based on the price signals received, the microgrid controllers (MCs) and distribution management system (DMS) updated the schedules of the DERs and responsive loads under their jurisdiction separately. The price signals were then updated according to the generation-load mismatch at each node and distributed to the corresponding MCs and DMS for the next iteration. The iteration continued until a sufficiently small generation-load mismatch was achieved at all nodes, that is, a balanced generation and load at all nodes under the agreed price signals. Considering a three-phase unbalanced distribution network, the price signals were determined per phase per node. Overall, the proposed distributed energy management coordinates microgrids, utility-owned DERs, responsive loads with guaranteed network constraints, and preserves the privacy of microgrid customers. This distributed energy management method was further demonstrated through various case studies on a three-phase networked microgrid test system.

关键词： distributed optimization energy management networked microgrids three-phase distribution network distributed energy resources

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基于云制造的产品协同设计平台架构研究

魏巍,王宇飞,陶永

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第4期页码 34-41 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.04.014

摘要：

产品设计是提高产品质量和降低制造成本的关键环节，而云制造作为一种新的制造模式和集成技术正逐渐兴起，成为先进制造的重要发展方向。为了应对传统制造业向服务型和创新型制造业转变的挑战，本文在分析协同设计领域现状的基础上，总结了传统制造模式对海量资源共享和按需使用方面存在的问题。研究提出了一种基于云制造的产品协同设计平台架构，详细阐述了平台架构的各子层含义，构建云制造产品协同设计平台的云制造、产品族和产品平台、产品协同设计3类关键技术。最后，以某公司部署的云制造产品协同设计平台系统为例，分析了系统架构和功能，比较了云制造模式与传统制造模式在任务分配和任务完成时间上的差异，验证了云制造产品设计平台系统的有效性和优越性，并对该系统的实际应用和未来研
究方向进行了展望。

关键词：云制造协同设计产品平台资源封装平台架构

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Exploring self-organization and self-adaption for smart manufacturing complex networks

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 206-222 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0225-1

摘要： Trends toward the globalization of the manufacturing industry and the increasing demands for small-batch, short-cycle, and highly customized products result in complexities and fluctuations in both external and internal manufacturing environments, which poses great challenges to manufacturing enterprises. Fortunately, recent advances in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and the widespread use of embedded processors and sensors in factories enable collecting real-time manufacturing status data and building cyber–physical systems for smart, flexible, and resilient manufacturing systems. In this context, this paper investigates the mechanisms and methodology of self-organization and self-adaption to tackle exceptions and disturbances in discrete manufacturing processes. Specifically, a general model of smart manufacturing complex networks is constructed using scale-free networks to interconnect heterogeneous manufacturing resources represented by network vertices at multiple levels. Moreover, the capabilities of physical manufacturing resources are encapsulated into virtual manufacturing services using cloud technology, which can be added to or removed from the networks in a plug-and-play manner. Materials, information, and financial assets are passed through interactive links across the networks. Subsequently, analytical target cascading is used to formulate the processes of self-organizing optimal configuration and self-adaptive collaborative control for multilevel key manufacturing resources while particle swarm optimization is used to solve local problems on network vertices. Consequently, an industrial case based on a Chinese engine factory demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed model and method in handling typical exceptions. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism and method outperform the event-triggered rescheduling method, reducing manufacturing cost, manufacturing time, waiting time, and energy consumption, with reasonable computational time. This work potentially enables managers and practitioners to implement active perception, active response, self-organization, and self-adaption solutions in discrete manufacturing enterprises.

关键词： cyber–physical systems Industrial Internet of Things smart manufacturing complex networks self-organization and self-adaption analytical target cascading collaborative optimization

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随机订单下制造企业的生产触发策略比较 Article

周龙飞, 张霖, 方亚隽

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第6期页码 798-806 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.012

摘要：

尽管新兴技术在制造系统中得到了广泛应用，但由于客户需求的多样性以及随机性，制造企业仍面临着如何保持高效灵活的生产的问题。由于加快订单交付速度与降低库存成本之间存在矛盾，所以制造企业如何制定合适的生产触发策略是其在动态环境中保持较高竞争力的关键所在。本文主要研究了制造企业在满足随机订单交付的同时降低库存成本的生产触发策略。提出的生产触发策略包括：时间触发策略、事件触发策略和混合触发策略。本文研究了不同生产触发策略的统一理论模型和仿真模型。在每种策略中都同时考虑并实施了零件生产触发策略和产品组装触发策略。在时间触发策略和混合触发策略中还同时考虑了触发周期对系统性能的影响。实验结果表明，如果触发周期设置合适，混合触发策略和时间触发策略能够获得比事件触发策略更快的订单交付时间和更低的库存成本。

关键词：协同制造生产触发优化仿真企业

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An application of game theory in distributed collaborative decision making

Angran XIAO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第14卷第1期页码 85-101 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0523-4

摘要： In a distributed product realization environment, new paradigms and accompanying software systems are necessary to support the collaborative work of geographically dispersed engineering teams from different disciplines who have different knowledge, experience, tools and resources. To verify the concept of collaboration by separation, we propose a generic information communication medium to enable knowledge representation and exchange between engineering teams, a digital interface. Across digital interfaces, each engineering team maintains its own perspective towards the product realization problem, and each controls a subset of design variables and seeks to maximize its own payoff function subject to individual constraints. Hence, we postulate the use of principles from game theory to model the relationships between engineering teams and facilitate collaborative decision making without causing unnecessary information exchange or iteration across digital interfaces. A product design and manufacturing scenario is introduced to demonstrate the efficacy of using game theory to maintain a clean interface between design and manufacturing teams.

关键词： collaboration distributed product realization game theory digital interface

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End-to-end delay analysis for networked systems

Jie SHEN,Wen-bo HE,Xue LIU,Zhi-bo WANG,Zhi WANG,Jian-guo YAO

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第9期页码 732-743 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400414

摘要： End-to-end delay measurement has been an essential element in the deployment of real-time services in networked systems. Traditional methods of delay measurement based on time domain analysis, however, are not efficient as the network scale and the complexity increase. We propose a novel theoretical framework to analyze the end-to-end delay distributions of networked systems from the frequency domain. We use a signal flow graph to model the delay distribution of a networked system and prove that the end-to-end delay distribution is indeed the inverse Laplace transform of the transfer function of the signal flow graph. Two efficient methods, Cramer’s rule-based method and the Mason gain rule-based method, are adopted to obtain the transfer function. By analyzing the time responses of the transfer function, we obtain the end-to-end delay distribution. Based on our framework, we propose an efficient method using the dominant poles of the transfer function to work out the bottleneck links of the network. Moreover, we use the framework to study the network protocol performance. Theoretical analysis and extensive evaluations show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Networked system End-to-end Delay distribution

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IN2CLOUD: A novel concept for collaborative management of big railway data

Jing LIN, Uday KUMAR

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第4期页码 428-436 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017048

摘要： In the EU Horizon 2020 Shift2Rail Multi-Annual Action Plan, the challenge of railway maintenance is generating knowledge from data and/or information. Therefore, we promote a novel concept called “IN2CLOUD,” which comprises three sub-concepts, to address this challenge: 1) A hybrid cloud, 2) an intelligent cloud with hybrid cloud learning, and 3) collaborative management using asset-related data acquired from the intelligent hybrid cloud. The concept is developed under the assumption that organizations want/need to learn from each other (including domain knowledge and experience) but do not want to share their raw data or information. IN2CLOUD will help the movement of railway industry systems from “local” to “global” optimization in a collaborative way. The development of cutting-edge intelligent hybrid cloud-based solutions, including information technology (IT) solutions and related methodologies, will enhance business security, economic sustainability, and decision support in the field of intelligent asset management of railway assets.

关键词： railway intelligent asset management collaborative learning big data hybrid cloud Bayesian

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Collaborative adoption of blockchain technology: A supply chain contract perspective

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 121-142 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0239-8

摘要： The outbreak of COVID-19 has significantly affected the development of enterprises. In the post-pandemic era, blockchain technology has become one of the important technologies to help enterprises quickly gain market competitiveness. The heavy investment required of supply chain stakeholders to employ blockchain technology has hindered its adoption and application. To tackle this issue, this study aims to facilitate the adoption of blockchain technology in a supply chain consisting of a core enterprise and a small/medium-sized enterprise through an effective supply chain contract. We analyze the performance of a cost-sharing (CS) contract and a revenue-sharing (RS) contract and propose a new hybrid CS-RS contract for better performance. We conduct comparative analyses of the three contracts and find that the hybrid CS-RS contract can more effectively incentivize both parties to reach the highest level of blockchain technology adoption and achieve supply chain coordination.

关键词： blockchain collaborative adoption cost sharing revenue sharing hybrid contract

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互联微电网可编程自适应安全扫描 Article

姜自民, 唐泽帆, 张鹏, 秦彦源

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第8期页码 1087-1100 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.06.007

摘要：

现代微电网的重要特征是其核心的分布式能源和控制系统普遍依赖网络通信和软件系统。信息与物理系统的集成使得微电网获得了极佳的分布可控性、可扩展性和可观性；然而，恶意网络攻击者由此亦可以利用微电网信息物理系统中各种潜在的漏洞对微电网实施破坏。本文提出一种可编程自适应安全扫描（PASS）技术，用以保护电力电子化微电网系统免受各类电力机器人（power bot）的攻击。这一新技术尤其可以有效抵御三种危害性较大的攻击，即控制器操纵攻击、重放攻击和注入攻击。可编程自适应扫描融合软件定义网络与新的协同检测方法；这一新的安全措施可以使得微电网的互联具有超高的弹性和安全性、低成本与高度自动化等优点。协同检测结合了主动同步扫描和混沌检测两类新技术，可以有效识别电力机器人攻击的类型并对各类攻击快速定位，且不会中断或影响互联微电网的正常运行。可编程自适应安全扫描技术的有效性和实用性在大量实验中得到了确证。

关键词：互联微电网可编程自适应安全扫描协同检测软件定义网络

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Study on affecting factors of collaborative product development based on collaboration hierarchy model

ZHANG Xiaodong, LI Yingzi, ZHANG Zhiqiang

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第2期页码 210-213 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0036-4

摘要： Aiming at the levels of collaborative degree in web-based product development, a collaboration hierarchy model of this product development is developed in this paper. Based on the model, the affecting factors on collaboration levels are analyzed systematically from many aspects, such as technology, organization and business. A gap analysis method is studied in detail, and is applied in a real project. The application shows that it can solve the diverse problems of collaborative product development effectively, and help enterprises find out the critical factors that affect the collaboration.

关键词： development web-based business collaborative collaboration hierarchy

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社会计算下的协作学习 None

Ricardo S. ALONSO, Javier PRIETO, Óscar GARCÍA, Juan M. CORCHADO

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第20卷第2期页码 265-282 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1700840

摘要：技术的引入使得教育创新极大地丰富起来，从而形成新的学习模型，其中，信息来自于多源，协作在学生之间产生。教育创新中一个有吸引力的挑战在于从社会计算视角设计协作学习活动，这里的协作不限于学生之间，也包括学生与机器的交互。与此同时，现阶段极其缺少工具，为学习的全过程而非学习任务的某些方面提供支持。为此，本文提出并评估支持协作学习的上下文感知构架（CAFCLA）。CAFCLA是一个覆盖协作学习全过程活动开发的灵活架构，可以利用上下文信息和社交互动。应用于某个博物馆的一个协作式WebQuest实验案例表明，使用社会计算可以改善学习过程，促进协作，增强关系，增加参与度。

关键词：上下文感知；协作学习；社会计算；虚拟组织；无线传感器网络；实时定位系统

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Basic model study on efficiency evaluation in collaborative design work process

XIE Qiu, YANG Yu, LI Xiaoli, ZHAO Ningyu

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第3期页码 344-349 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0060-4

摘要： During the efficiency evaluation process of collaborative design work, because of the lack of efficiency evaluation models, a basic analytical model for collaborative design work efficiency evaluation is proposed in this paper. First, the characteristics of the networked collaborative design system work process were studied; then, in accordance with those characteristics, a basic analytical model is created. This model, which is built for centralized collaborative design work, includes an analytical frame, a process view model, a function view model and an information view model. Finally, the application process and steps of this basic analytical model are elaborated when used for efficiency evaluation through an experiment.

关键词： function system work evaluation process efficiency evaluation design work

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Design and analysis of a class of redundant collaborative manipulators with 2-dimension large rotational

Xiaodong JIN, Yuefa FANG, Dan ZHANG, Xueling LUO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第15卷第1期页码 66-80 doi: 10.1007/s11465-019-0570-x

摘要： The parallel spindle heads with high rotational capability are demanded in the area of multi-axis machine tools and 3D printers. This paper focuses on designing a class of 2R1T (R: Rotation; T: Translation) parallel spindle heads and the corresponding collaborative 5-axis manipulators with 2-dimension (2D) large rotational angles. In order to construct 2D rotational degrees of freedom (DOF), a platform with 2-dimension revolute joints is proposed first. Based on the constraint screw theory, the feasible limbs that can be connected in the platform are synthesized. In order to provide constant rotational axis for the platform, a class of redundant limbs are designed. A class of redundant 2R1T parallel spindle heads is obtained by connecting the redundant limbs with the platform and the redundant characteristics are verified by the modified Grübler-Kutzbach criterion. The corresponding 5-axis collaborative manipulators are presented by constructing a 2-DOF series translational bottom moving platform. The inverse kinematics and the orientation workspace as well as the decoupling characteristics of this type of 2R1T parallel spindle heads are analyzed. The results show that these manipulators have large 2D rotational angles than the traditional A3/Z3 heads and can be potentially used in the application of multi-axis machine tools and the 3D printers.

关键词： parallel mechanism redundant mechanism large rotational angles machine tools 2R1T spindle head collaborative manipulator